Deviant Criminology
Dr. Richard Weaver Jr., Heather Kenney, and Rachel Czar take listeners on a journey through the world of true crime. With their unique careers in the criminal justice and academic world; they work to provide an entertaining and educational experience for listeners. This podcast examines many areas of true crime including; the formation of laws, cases that defined caselaw, and crimes that impacted the world. Please join us on this journey as we transition from professionals in criminal justice and academia to budding podcasters.
Deviant Criminology
Orville Lynn Majors: Indiana Angel of Death
What if your trusted healthcare provider was actually a harbinger of death? This chilling question sets the stage for our latest episode of Deviant Criminology, where we explore the dark world of medical serial killers. We begin with a haunting scenario: a routine hospital visit that turns into a nightmare. This episode unravels the unsettling phenomenon of "angels of death," medical professionals who exploit their roles to harm or kill patients. We contrast these sinister figures with Dr. Jack Kevorkian's controversial yet consensual assisted suicides, shedding light on the stark differences between perceived mercy and concealed malevolence.
The episode takes a harrowing turn as we recount the case of Orville Lynn Majors, a nurse from Indiana whose actions shattered public trust in healthcare. Charged with seven counts of murder and sentenced to 360 years in prison, Majors' case exposes the systemic failures that allowed him to operate undetected for so long. We delve into the intricacies of his trial, the lawsuits filed by victim's families, and the broader implications for Vermillion County Hospital. The discussion extends to other unnerving cases like Dr. Michael Swango, offering a comprehensive look at the challenges in investigating and prosecuting these clandestine killers.
In our final segment, we explore the psychological motivations behind such killers, particularly focusing on Majors' unique hatred for the elderly. We ponder the irony of his death from heart failure in 2017 and reflect on his dark legacy. The episode also highlights significant reforms that emerged from these tragedies, including enhanced patient safety protocols, stricter background checks, and stronger protections for whistleblowers. Join us as we illuminate these haunting stories and advocate for safer healthcare environments. Don't forget to connect with us through our website and social media for more in-depth content and discussions.
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Let's play imagination for a moment. You're in a hospital On this day. You've accompanied your grandparent to have a minor surgery. After several doctor's appointments, labs, x-rays, other batteries of tests, your loved one's primary care physician has ordered them to have a nice surgery. It'll be simple and quick. After checking into the hospital, your family member is taken back into pre-surgery and soon after you're called back they're in their surgical gown waiting to go in. Everything goes fine in the surgery. The doctor decides to admit your grandparent into the hospital for a couple days, just for observation. They're put in the intensive care unit. Grandma tells you she's fine, you can head home. As you start to get up to talk to a nurse, they gently pull out a syringe, say we're just going to give some sedatives to make sure she's relaxed. Nurse is friendly, smiley, has great bedside manner. You look up, grandma smiles. You sit down. The nurse leaves and says they'll be just fine. 20 minutes later your grandparent is dead. You have just come into contact with an angel of death. I'm Richard.
Speaker 2:And I'm Heather.
Speaker 1:So this type of serial killer that we're talking about in this episode goes by several names. The most common, though, are angels of death or angels of mercy. For these killers, their hunting grounds are medical facilities that include hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers.
Speaker 2:With angels of death. We're not including individuals like Dr Jack Kevorkian. We're not including individuals like Dr Jack Kevorkian If you're not familiar with him or his history. He assisted terminally ill patients with medically assisted suicide. These were decisions that were made over a long period of time, with a great deal of discussion and thought. It wasn't something that was done hastily or without some type of discussion and informed medical consent some type of discussion and informed medical consent. What we're talking about instead here are professionals who are actively using their medical knowledge to access their victims. Seem like they're giving genuine medical care but instead intentionally killing them. So it doesn't include a medical professional who comes in and has a time when they commit workplace violence or some type of horrible shooting. This is specifically people who are there to give care but instead cause harm.
Speaker 1:Angels of death are unlike other serial killers as well that you see in pop culture or in films or in true crime. Angels of Death work in an environment that is often full of sick and injured people who are already frail or sadly. Sometimes they prey on even children or infants and NICUs. Because of the nature of the settings that they're operating in, they can often go undetected for years or even decades, making their numbers of victims hard to determine. And personally, as a medical professional at one point in my life, as many of my friends and students have said, you know what the hell have I done? Which is 100% accurate I've done a lot of different jobs and one of them I was an EMT basic.
Speaker 1:After that, I kind of don't like going to hospitals or really any medical facility.
Speaker 1:If I'm on death's door I might think about going, but somebody's probably going to have to drag me there.
Speaker 1:But for normal stuff I'm not a fan of going to the hospital, even to see my family's kind of hard. I've had family members that are in the hospital and I don't really enjoy that environment, and some of it's just because of all the traumatic things that you see working in the medical field injuries, death families that are grief stricken. But the other thing that really always stuck with me was the smells. The disinfectants, the smell of death, the smell of cleaning solutions can just trigger some flashbacks to things I've seen. So I don't like being in there, especially smells of like lower GI bleeds. So I already kind of have a dislike of medical facilities and once I was exposed to angels of death that really kind of took to the next level of I don't even feel safe in a medical facility after learning about these. So the first angel of death cirrhosis that I studied or was exposed to was also the topic of today's episode, and that is cancer. Orville Lynn Majors.
Speaker 2:Orville Lynn Majors was born in Linton, Indiana on April 24th 1961. Linton Indiana is located in Greene County, Indiana, which is a small rural area and, as of 2020, had the population of 5,162, according to the US Census Bureau. There is not much known about Majors' early life. With sparse details. He appears to have been born to a working-class family, with a father who worked in mining.
Speaker 1:What is known, that at some point as a teenager, Majors became the caregiver of his elderly grandmother. It was this experience that Major claimed was his inspiration for entering the medical profession. In doing research on majors, there's a big gap in his history, Like there's not much in the data, court files or anything I could find that talked about his life before he went into medical school. But he ends up graduating from the Nashville Memorial School of Practical Nursing the Nashville Memorial School of Practical Nursing, located in Tennessee, at the age of 28, which this link to Tennessee will come back later in his medical career when he returns there for a job.
Speaker 2:Upon graduation, majors takes a job at the Vermillion County Hospital located in Clinton, indiana, which was approximately an hour and a half away from his hometown of Linton. Indiana Majors had become a licensed practical nurse and, according to the Indiana Center for Nursing website, to become an LPN one must complete courses at a recognized nursing school and coursework usually taking 12 to 18 months. Once graduated, to obtain your license to practice medicine as an LPN in Indiana, an individual must pass a written examination, background check and pay a licensing fee, much like when you become an attorney. Nothing on the state of Indiana licensing webpage states that once you're an LPM, you need to do any type of continuing education.
Speaker 1:One note to majors licensing and work that is in Indiana is when you're an LPN, when you work in any medical setting, you technically have to have oversight and leadership from a registered nurse or a physician. So when LPNs work in patient care administer meds, they take vitals and other duties there should be an RN that is going back and checking their work.
Speaker 2:So, with obtaining his LPM and being hired by Vermillion County Hospital, majors was put to work in the intensive care unit, or ICU, at the hospital, which was the primary medical facility for the county, with a population of roughly 16,000 as of 1990, according to the US Census Bureau and Statistics.
Speaker 1:It's important to kind of have an understanding of what an ICU is, what gets placed in them, who gets placed in them and what care are patients receiving. Though a lot of people have heard the term ICU or critical care unit, it may not be common knowledge what really happens behind the curtain. Going to the very reliable source of WebMD though maybe not the best for diagnosing your medical conditions, but they are very good about talking about what happens in the medical industry we kind of looked up what is an intensive care unit. An intensive care unit are hospital wards with specialized staffed equipment and standards. So in an ICU one may also be called a critical care unit or an intensive therapy unit. An intensive care unit's purpose is to handle severe, potentially life-threatening cases, so people who are in serious accidents, they undergo major surgeries or may have a sudden decline in health, get treated in the ICU.
Speaker 2:So when you're talking about who's getting care in the ICU, there's certain requirements for admission to get into the ICU, and patients with potential or current organ failure are prime candidates for ICU care. Other factors that can determine who is or is not admitted into the ICU include things like the diagnosis, the illness, severity, prognosis and anticipated quality of life, treatment availability, response to treatment so far. So an ICU doctor can also consider a patient's age, coexisting conditions, physiological reverse and personal wishes.
Speaker 1:When is intensive care needed? So IU staff are called when a patient's condition meets certain criteria, like an obstructed airway or threatened airway. So if somebody starts to have a collapsed lung, if they start to have trachea issues, anything that can lead to respiratory distress, the needing of intubation, respiratory machines, so that would include respiratory arrest. Another one is a respiratory rate between eight and 40 breaths per minute, cardiac arrest, a pulse that is less than 40 or greater than 140 beats per minute, or repeated or extended seizures, and if the patient gives these or any other cause for concern, they may receive transfer to an intensive care unit.
Speaker 2:So you might wonder what does ICU care involve? You have the basics of ICU care, including thoroughly monitoring the patient's heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood oxygen levels, urinary output and temperature, and some of those things are obvious that you need to pay attention to. But there's also a lot of different equipment in an ICU. So typically you have equipment that monitors all those factors, but they also have things like ventilators to help a patient breathe, intravenous tubes, also known as IVs, to provide fluid nutrition medication. You also have feeding tubes. You have tubes that can drain built-up fluid or blood, and then catheters. Most people understand that catheters are there to drain urine. So you have all of those different things going on and a lot of times when you are in an ICU or you see somebody in an ICU, you don't always understand what all of those different machines are doing or what they are being used for or what needs to happen for the patient's care.
Speaker 1:And one of the major things in those different types of equipment and medical interventions that are being used in ICU that will come into play much later, is the intravenous tubes and IV medications. So remember that. So back to talking about Majors. Not much is known about his activities or potential killings from 1989 to 1991, when he left Vermilion County Hospital to take a higher paying position in Tennessee. But his new job would be short-lived and in 1993 he would return to his old job at Vermilion County Hospital.
Speaker 2:Majors worked at the county hospital until 1995, when suspicions grew over the number of deaths that were occurring in the ICU. What ended up catching the attention of the hospital leadership was the fact that in the years before 1994, the ICU reported an average of 26 to 31 deaths in a year. In 1994, when Majors was there, the small intensive care unit that only had four beds reported 120 deaths. And even more suspicious was the fact that on some of the nights that Major was working, all of the patients in the ICU would die.
Speaker 1:That should have been a red flag and I think, as we'll talk about that, people knew and people were suspicious, but for financial reasons they weren't saying anything. So as a hospital administration started to notice the deaths, so did Major's co-workers, who noted that after his return from Tennessee, his personality and mentality had changed. It had shifted, and they had even noticed that when he changed from his weekday shift to his weekend shift, death seemed to follow him. Coworkers also noticed that his attitude had become more cynical, in some cases outright hateful, especially towards the elderly. He's quoted in multiple sources as having said elderly people should just be gassed, and that he specifically hated old people.
Speaker 2:According to the data provided by a consultant company obtained by the local newspaper, patients were 43 times more likely to die when Majors was on shift. Finally, the evidence was piling up and in 1995, the state of Indiana revoked Major's medical license and he was finally let go from the hospital.
Speaker 1:At the same time an investigation into potential murders of patients at Vermillion County Hospital was being launched by the state. So at the heart of the investigation was that, though most of the potential victims were elderly, their manner of death didn't match up for the reasons for their hospitalization or they had taken a very sudden, rapid, negative turn in health. There was also the symptoms the patients exhibited before death. That included respiratory arrest and irregular heartbeat, in that order before death. But in normal natural deaths usually you have the heart seizing before breathing. So because of this it was believed that majors may have been using an injection of potassium chloride or epinephrine or a combination of both, which can, at high levels, stop the heart.
Speaker 2:State medical examiners exhumed the bodies of former patients and performed autopsies In the state of Indiana, as with many others, when the patient dies under medical supervision, as in a hospital or nursing facility, the state does not require an autopsy.
Speaker 1:And majors would have known that? I think so. And this is where it gets even more when you're talking about angels of death, where the states and medical providers have to be on top of these things, because if you're not performing autopsies it's so much easier to get that kill through. So, as we'll learn later and talk about, he had a much higher body count than he's convicted for, because they don't track those numbers, they don't do autopsies. So higher body count than he's convicted for, because they don't track those numbers, they don't do autopsies. So, oh, grandma had cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, it looks natural. So the examiners found during the autopsies that patients experienced a sudden rise in their blood pressure before their heart suddenly stopped. This state, medical experts believed, was consistent with excessive amounts of potassium and epinephrine being injected directly into the IV lines that were opened up in the ICU.
Speaker 2:Then, once state examiners started to get suspicious and the investigation really started to get going, they executed a search warrant and the investigators were able to recover potassium vials and syringes in Major' former residence and also in a vehicle driven by the defendant.
Speaker 1:Though I couldn't find much on this. But after having his nurses like him revoked in 1995, majors opens a pet store back in Linton, indiana, and from what I learned during this period from 1995 to 1997, he kind of lives a quiet life back in Linton and there's even news stories of people like in the community got to know him or people knew who he was during high school and he was still this quiet, very friendly person. With the mounting evidence Orville N Majors was formally arrested and charged with seven counts of murder in December of 1997, two years after the start of this investigation.
Speaker 2:And then, like so many other cases, it at that point was another two years taking you to the fall of 1999, before Majors would actually go to trial. After a five-week trial, he was convicted on six counts of murder and sentenced to 360 years in prison. Specifically, he was sentenced to 60 years per murder, to run consecutively. This means that he had to serve the full sentence of 60 years before the next sentence would start, which is the opposite of having sentences run concurrently, which would have him only have to serve 60 years altogether.
Speaker 1:I think that's something that like from the law enforcement side and then from the layman's like it's kind of hard to understand when people are like, oh, he got five life sentences concurrently. You're like, what does that mean? So I thought it was important to kind of point out the difference between concurrent and consecutive there 360 years, I think. I've seen some up to like 600 years in prison. I think there's a point where we can just be like life, we're good.
Speaker 2:Although sometimes there's other reasons that it helps to have those types of numbers, just for reasons of parole, reviews and things like that. The more numbers you can stack in there, the less chance there is they might actually get out at some point in time.
Speaker 1:So if you have 360 years, what is the odds that you could actually go for parole?
Speaker 2:I would think almost nothing. There would have to be something seriously that happened that would change the circumstances. Maybe if he were to win some type of an appeal and somehow be able to reverse the convictions on all but one of them. So at that point he only had 60 years left. Every now and again you'll see something where somebody becomes critically ill and even though they shouldn't let the person out under normal circumstances, when they find out that the person is terminally ill they might let them out under those circumstances. But the 360-year sentence would definitely encourage anybody thinking about it to not go through with allowing him to get out.
Speaker 1:So in the end, regarding Orville, then majors crimes, they were charged with seven murders he's eventually convicted of six Prosecutors and officials, though, believe that he may have been responsible for as many as 100 to 130 different murders. Again, he had this four-year period and it doesn't seem like a long time, but if you're figuring that they were seeing 100 to 120 a year between 93 and 95, we don't know what he was doing in that year between 89 and 91. And then what happened between 91 and 93 when he was in Tennessee, which I couldn't find much about that? But it's really interesting that even his co-workers have said something had changed in him when he came back. So I'm very. I couldn't find anything about it. Even in the court records and stuff, again, that time period is not talked about.
Speaker 1:This is kind of the thing about Angels to Death.
Speaker 1:The extent of their murders are, again, hard to determine, especially if their killing sprees went over years or decades. But this case had even further reaching implications for the medical world. After the relations of the homicides of Vermillion County Hospital, after the relations of the homicides of a million county hospital, but before Majors went to trial, the families of 80 individuals that had members die at the hospital, filed lawsuits against the institutions, but the majority of cases being settled out of court and settlements actually were being paid out of state funds. And one thing that I saw about this that why I think it's important to talk about how these lawsuits came up before he went to trial is in the court records. There are several doctors from Vermillion County Hospital that testified on his defense, saying that they really couldn't link him to those deaths, that there was a possibility other things caused that, and I think that that goes back to kind of this the hospitals have a vested interest in covering these crimes because, as we see here, they're open into lawsuits when the public finds out about this.
Speaker 2:I think that's absolutely a motivation that needs to be considered. And even as coworkers or doctors or other people who are staffed there, I think that sometimes you would have some type of worry. It would come back on you right, like if you're the one who tells hey, this guy's doing something, are you going to be fired? Are they going to believe him? What type of implications are there If the hospital is successfully sued and has to shut their doors because they no longer have funding? Now you don't have a job.
Speaker 2:So I think there's a lot of different motivations running through that and I think when it comes to cases like this, where it's dealing with elderly people, I think sometimes people can rationalize things a little bit easier. As far as well, that person was really sick and maybe he did something, but maybe it was for the best. Or maybe this person was in a lot of pain. You know he he might've been helping them. You know, get out of that pain and move on and not be stuck at a hospital in an ICU with all of the tubes and all of the pain that goes with that. But you also have to look at the other side that he was just running around killing people.
Speaker 1:And the people saw it. They knew what was going on. And the first thing is that from 95 to 97, it took two years to investigate this A lot of autopsies, a lot of people. You're having to go and get court orders to exhume bodies. That takes a lot of autopsies, a lot of people. You're having to go and get court orders to exhume bodies. That takes a lot of time. Luckily the hospital stopped it and at least took his medical license.
Speaker 1:But there are cases before of where this was being done in the background while people would still be allowed to work in the medical field, and one example of that it's kind of a famous case is that of Dr Michael Swango. So he was a former physician who was active during the 1980s and 1990s. Now Dr Swango had a history of questionable ethical behavior. He was also linked to several patients' deaths, going all the way back to his medical school days. So in medical school people were observing odd behavior. He would say that he had gone in and seen patients in rooms that he'd never go and see. He didn't do follow-ups, would claim he had, and then there were suspicions of some deaths that had happened in the hospital he was at. Yet the hospitals gave him good recommendations and just let him go. So he would go to another medical facility where suddenly there's unethical behavior, very suspicious deaths, and the hospitals would again to kind of keep from any bad publicity. They don't want families to find out. If they fire him or don't give him a good recommendation, is he going to go make trouble and brings attention again and it comes back. So they release him and this continues on for well into almost a decade and a half. Eventually he is indicted and he goes to zimbabwe.
Speaker 1:But that's just another. These are now two examples of multiple ways the medical industry failed patients and the community by knowing what was going on, being suspicious, and instead of just coming out and doing anything about it they just kind of sweep it under a rug. And it wasn't really until the numbers got so high at Vermilion County Hospital that they had no other choice. And then also that the families sued and the state police said we're going to investigate this. And the state police said we're going to investigate this.
Speaker 1:And a lot of the information I saw really didn't give a lot of details, because this isn't a new case by any means. Again, he went to trial in 99. So there was not a lot that was put into new systems or anything, but it's a very important case that, again, I was very exposed to when I came into the study of serial crimes as angels of death. He's kind of the glowing example because he not only was caught but he was caught so red-handed and so blatantly. Again, you have whole ICUs. Yes, it's only four beds, but everyone in the ICU is dying on his term, 43 times more likely to die when he's on shift. These are all red flags that it took two years for people to catch on to.
Speaker 2:I don't. I don't think anybody would be that unlucky. You're getting ready to go into the ICU and you see he's working. Nevermind, I feel, I feel. Fine, don't put me in there.
Speaker 1:Yeah, no, you you give, you become Nicolas Cage at that point. There's a old Nicolas Cage movie that's like really popular among EMTs, called Bringing Out the Dead, and in that film he cannot bring any every single patient he has, just dies. That's fictional and that was because he was just having bad luck and it was just kind of like what we call the demons are just not letting you save somebody. This was definitely obviously real life and a lot of people were dying, but I think some good came out of this, even though even today we still hear about malpractice and stuff. But there was some good that came out of this.
Speaker 2:And some of the things that did come from this case and others is that now there is enhanced monitoring and reporting of patients, adverse events and deaths, with stronger data, analysis of the unusual death patterns, stricter background checks and licensing of medical professionals, whistleblower protections, which you know that's huge, because if somebody is a co-worker and they see something that's suspicious, they need to be able to tell somebody without fearing retribution. See something that's suspicious, they need to be able to tell somebody without fearing retribution. Public awareness and advocacy around patient rights, safety and the formation of advocacy groups.
Speaker 1:And then there were some other big changes that came from this case there were some other big changes that came from this case and I think that's the one thing that, as law enforcement and obviously from the legal side of it like he only got convicted of six murders we know he committed more, but if we can take anything away, maybe some good can come out of this. And we've kind of talked about this before in prior episodes where, like Miranda, yes, this is a horrible case and you don't like to think about what happened or how people suffered, but at the same time, trying to find that silver lining of at least maybe we've tried to make the world a little bit better with this. And, in the end, our angel of death serial killer, orville Lynn Majors. He died in September 24 of 2017 in an Indiana state prison of heart failure. So the man who hated the elderly did not make it to an old age.
Speaker 2:Yeah, he's only 56 years old, right.
Speaker 1:And of heart failure, which I don't know if there's like an ironic justice in that. That what he caused in so many people by the injection of these chemicals is exactly what killed him. And the report I said I saw was that they did try to revive him but it was just he was dead right there and unfortunately this is kind of the fate he chose for himself and maybe it's a little bit of retribution from the afterlife of letting him die the same way he made so many other people suffer and not allowing him to get to old age.
Speaker 2:Another thing that always makes me curious besides the whole legal aspect of this or what this person's specific history is is what makes people do these types of things. Because obviously it's not a normal behavior, it's not something that would ever be acceptable in any medical community, so why would somebody even think about doing this?
Speaker 1:And I think, going off of that and like having my background a little bit and the study of individuals like this, angels of death are their own, very unique animal in the first place. Did they get into medicine because they had this or did something happen while they're in the medical community that caused this shift? And with Orville, one of the things that I'm interested in and again I didn't find a lot about this, I did research but there may be, like old books or something or an FBI profile they did. But what I'm really interested is did something happen with his grandmother that triggered this hatred of elderly people? Or did something happen between whenever he graduated high school and the kind of 10-year gap until he gets out of medical school, Because again, there's a 10-year gap from 1828 that we really don't know much about his background that I could find.
Speaker 1:Or did something happen in Tennessee where, because the job in Tennessee was a higher-paying position and suddenly he gives that up and comes back to Vermilion County? Did something happen there where either somebody filed a complaint against him and he lost his job and he blamed elderly people or an older person, or again, was there this pattern from 1989 that wasn't caught, didn't get seen, Was he more cautious? And, as we see, with other serial killers that have different MOs you know, individuals that pick up sex workers or something like that where they suddenly kind of go into this rage and it's usually the rage killings near the end when they get caught, because they start getting a little bit sloppier, sloppier. The need for more kills in closer amount of time sometimes Is that what happened here? But there's definitely a psychological aspect that isn't really talked about that I would like to see more about. But I definitely think one of those two times something triggered this behavior.
Speaker 2:I sometimes wonder too even just the whole age thing that maybe he saw old people as a representation of what he would become when he became old. Maybe he just didn't like thinking about himself being old. Maybe when he saw these people he thought I wouldn't want to be in this position type of a thing. Or maybe he just got some type of an adrenaline rush from it and knowing like I have control, I have power, I can cause you death or I can grant you life by the choices I make right now.
Speaker 1:And he's even in the angel of death community. So weird to say. It's like, oh my God, I'm like giving this person their own world, like it's some dark web group that's talking or something. But even in this community he's an outlier to a point, because a lot of angel of death think that they're helping, like I am putting out, but that's where that angel of mercy comes from. I'm helping them move on to the next place, I'm getting them out of pain, and there are some that their murders aren't exactly planned, that what they're trying to do is be the hero syndrome, where they'll overdose somebody and then try to bring them back from cardiac arrest and be like look what I did, I saved this person and it's that rush.
Speaker 1:But he is very openly hateful of old people. I mean even the term they should be gassed. That is very violent and he's open about this. So there's definitely something there. Again, I couldn't find much about he's departed. He didn't really talk about it that I could find, and I think there was a reason that the hospitals and stuff didn't want a lot of stuff to come out. But he is definitely somebody that sticks out, which is why I think he was such an interesting case study for us to have, because he was such an outlier in a large community of angels of death.
Speaker 2:Well, I'm glad he's gone.
Speaker 1:I was a little sad to see that not only had he been allowed to go on, but I did kind of find it sad when I saw that he had died at 56. And I was like you know what? There is an irony that he should have had to live out until his 80s or 90s and become the very thing that he feared and hated the most. I want to thank you all so much for listening to our little podcast. This is created with love and passion for criminal justice and true crime. So if you're enjoying the podcast, please follow us, like or rate us on whatever system you're listening to us on, subscribe to our podcast and download episodes.
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